ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cardiac manifestations in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) may involve the conduction system. The incidence and publication is still very limited. CASE: We report the case of a 2-year-old girl who presented with complete atrioventricular (AV) block with a current infection of SARS-CoV-2 and fulfilled the criteria of MIS-C. After observation for 2 weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 convalescence phase and temporary pacemaker insertion, the complete AV block was not resolved. The intrinsic junctional escape beat was only 40 beats/minute. We decided to implant a dual-chamber epicardial permanent pacemaker to maintain synchrony between atrium and ventricle and furthermore provide hemodynamic stability. We observed persistent complete AV block 9 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in long-term follow up of this patient. CONCLUSIONS: Complete AV block in MIS-C could persist months after its onset. Our case could give additional knowledge regarding the natural history of cardiac involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Subject(s)
Atrioventricular Block , COVID-19 , Pacemaker, Artificial , Child , Female , Humans , Child, Preschool , Atrioventricular Block/diagnosis , Atrioventricular Block/etiology , Atrioventricular Block/therapy , COVID-19/complications , SARS-CoV-2 , Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effectsABSTRACT
A young child presented with hepatomegaly, ascites and bradycardia in the setting of COVID-19. Permanent complete atrioventricular block and severe right heart failure were diagnosed. He was treated with surgical epicardial pacemaker implantation. This report is the first description of COVID-19-induced permanent complete atrioventricular block in a child.
Subject(s)
Atrioventricular Block , COVID-19 , Pacemaker, Artificial , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right , Atrioventricular Block/diagnosis , Atrioventricular Block/etiology , Atrioventricular Block/therapy , Bradycardia/diagnosis , Bradycardia/etiology , COVID-19/complications , Child , Humans , Male , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/etiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation rates as well as the clinical and procedural characteristics and outcomes in patients with known active coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to gather information regarding CIED procedures during active COVID-19, performed with personal protective equipment, based on an international survey. METHODS: Fifty-three centers from 13 countries across 4 continents provided information on 166 patients with known active COVID-19 who underwent a CIED procedure. RESULTS: The CIED procedure rate in 133,655 hospitalized COVID-19 patients ranged from 0 to 16.2 per 1000 patients (P <.001). Most devices were implanted due to high-degree/complete atrioventricular block (112 [67.5%]) or sick sinus syndrome (31 [18.7%]). Of the 166 patients in the study survey, the 30-day complication rate was 13.9% and the 180-day mortality rate was 9.6%. One patient had a fatal outcome as a direct result of the procedure. Differences in patient and procedural characteristics and outcomes were found between Europe and North America. An older population (76.6 vs 66 years; P <.001) with a nonsignificant higher complication rate (16.5% vs 7.7%; P = .2) was observed in Europe vs North America, whereas higher rates of critically ill patients (33.3% vs 3.3%; P <.001) and mortality (26.9% vs 5%; P = .002) were observed in North America vs Europe. CONCLUSION: CIED procedure rates during known active COVID-19 disease varied greatly, from 0 to 16.2 per 1000 hospitalized COVID-19 patients worldwide. Patients with active COVID-19 infection who underwent CIED implantation had high complication and mortality rates. Operators should take these risks into consideration before proceeding with CIED implantation in active COVID-19 patients.
Subject(s)
Atrioventricular Block , COVID-19 , Infection Control , Postoperative Complications , Prosthesis Implantation , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Sick Sinus Syndrome , Aged , Atrioventricular Block/epidemiology , Atrioventricular Block/therapy , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/therapy , Comorbidity , Defibrillators, Implantable/statistics & numerical data , Female , Global Health/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infection Control/instrumentation , Infection Control/methods , Infection Control/organization & administration , Male , Middle Aged , Mortality , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Pacemaker, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects , Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation , Prosthesis Implantation/mortality , Risk Factors , Sick Sinus Syndrome/epidemiology , Sick Sinus Syndrome/therapy , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Cardiac involvement has been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We herein report a 41-year-old man who presented with recurrent paroxysmal atrioventricular block without showing significant cardiac injuries or comorbidities. The patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to our hospital, where he was noted to have paroxysmal atrioventricular block. Cardiac biomarkers, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings were fairly normal. An endomyocardial biopsy performed before the implantation of a permanent pacemaker revealed mild myocardial fibrosis without inflammatory infiltrates. The unusual myocardial involvement of the novel coronavirus was suspected.
Subject(s)
Atrioventricular Block , COVID-19 , Cardiomyopathies , Pacemaker, Artificial , Adult , Atrioventricular Block/diagnosis , Atrioventricular Block/etiology , Atrioventricular Block/therapy , Humans , Male , SARS-CoV-2Subject(s)
Atrioventricular Block/etiology , Bundle of His/physiopathology , COVID-19/complications , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Electrocardiography , Atrioventricular Block/physiopathology , Atrioventricular Block/therapy , COVID-19/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
AIMS: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has shown the potential to significantly affect the cardiovascular system. Cardiac arrhythmias are commonly reported complications in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: While tachyarrhythmias seem most common, we describe four cases of COVID-19 patients who developed a transient high-degree atrioventricular (AV) block during the course of their hospitalization. All four patients who developed a high-degree AV block during their hospitalization with COVID-19 did not require permanent pacing. CONCLUSION: Similarly to most AV blocks associated with infectious organisms and given its transient nature, this case series suggests that conservative management strategies should be preferred in COVID-19 patients who develop complete heart block.